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Draw a 2" or so circle on the ply and drill through the center with a 1/4" drill. Cut the head off the carriage bolt. Choose a spade bit for countersinking the washer and nut in the plywood. I use a spade bit instead of a Forstner because the tip of the spade will automatically center the countersink cut much like a counterbore.
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The disk is countersunk and cut from the ply with the bandsaw.
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Then the assembly is made with nut, washer, disk, washer, nut. I put a drop of thin CA on the nut threads to make sure they do not come loose.
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Then I mount the whole thing in a Jacob's chuck on the lathe. Alternately you could use a drill press or even a hand drill and rasp it to shape. I turn it down to a little under 2" diameter although you can work to whatever size suits you.
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Pause for a moment and take out a 5" disk for your random orbital sander. Mine uses 8 holes for dust collection. Using a disk cut to under 2" note that you can draw 4 circles on that 5" disk.
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Actually, I am not bothering to cut out the circles, I just cut the disk into quarters.
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With the hot glue gun, put a strong bead around the disk, attach the rubber pad to it and trim it roughly to the disk.
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Smear hot glue over the rubber pad and attach the velcro strip. If you are making a 3" pad, a strip of 2" velcro down the center will work well.
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Now remount on the Jacob's chuck and turn down and clean.
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Put one of those quarters on the velcro and you are set to go. I have trimmed a bit of the excess but even that is not necessary. It is certainly not necessary to cut to a perfect circle. All that is needed now is to mount the shaft in your electric drill and turn a bowl to sand.
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